Malaria and Newborn Health in The World

Malaria
"Reducing the spread of malaria is critical for child health and survival, and development, particularly in Africa. And will help to reduce the spread of malaria achieve the Millennium Development Goals." Ann Veneman at White House Summit on Malaria, December 2006



 Nurse explains how to deal with mosquito net insecticide to prevent malaria, Rwanda.
Kills a child somewhere in the world every 30 seconds from malaria. And infects between 350-500 million people with the disease every year, and kills a million people, mostly children in Africa. He spoke for 90 percent of deaths from malaria in Africa, and is attributable to the disease five child mortality. The disease also contributes significantly to anemia in children - the main cause of poor growth and development. Is associated with malaria infection during pregnancy with severe anemia and other diseases in the mother. And contributes to low birth weight among newborn infants - one of the main risk factors for infant mortality and optimal growth and development.
Malaria has serious economic impacts in Africa, and slowing economic growth and development and perpetuating the vicious cycle of poverty. Malaria is truly a disease of poverty - afflicting primarily the poor who tend to live in rural areas prone to malaria in poor housing construction - which provides, if any, barriers against mosquitoes.
It can be prevented and treatment of malaria, have already been Ttoiraleduat preventive and therapeutic effects.
The reports indicate that sleep under insecticide-treated nets can reduce child mortality by 20 percent. There is evidence that the use of insecticide-treated bednets, consistently and properly, can lead to save the lives of six children each year for every thousand children sleeping under them.
It also works Prompt access to effective treatment to reduce mortality. Can lead intermittent preventive treatment of malaria during pregnancy significantly reduce the proportion of low birth weight and maternal anemia.
It is indeed regrettable that malaria still kill many children, particularly in Africa. This was due to not sleep under insecticide-treated mosquito nets, and their inability to obtain life-saving treatment within 24 hours of onset of symptoms. The latest data on household use of insecticide-treated nets for low coverage rates of up to about 5 per cent across Africa. However, it may contribute to recent efforts to expand the coverage of the significant progress in many countries.
Increasing resistance of the malaria parasite to chloroquine and sulphadoxine sulfadoxine - pyrimethamine - more anti-malaria treatments used previously - sixty-eight countries to change national treatment protocols for the integration of the combination therapy based on artemisinin, a group of innovative new treatments, and the most effective.
There is increasing evidence on the interaction of malaria with HIV when exposed to injury of both. Exacerbated HIV by increasing viral load in adults and pregnant women from malaria may lead to accelerate the progression to AIDS; and increases the risk of transmission of HIV among adults, and between a mother and her child. Symptoms of malaria are also increasingly worse among adults living with HIV who suffer from low blood cell count cd4, and pregnant women.
Objectives
In accordance with the Millennium Development Goals, the Abuja Declaration on Roll Back Malaria in Africa, the goals set forth in the Final Document of the UN Special Session on Children: "A world fit for children", and the last update of the objectives set forth in the Strategic Plan for Roll Back Malaria, 2005 -2015, UNICEF aims to helping to ensure that:
By 2010, particularly in the lowest two economic quintiles:

    * Protection of 80 per cent of people at risk of malaria. And will credit this to the appropriate local methods of disease vector control such as insecticide-treated mosquito nets, and, where appropriate, indoor residual spraying in some places, environmental measures and other biological;
    * Diagnosis and treatment of 80 percent of malaria patients using medications that are effective anti-malarial drugs, for example, combination therapy based on artemisinin, within one day of onset of illness;
    * The possibility that 80 per cent of pregnant women on intermittent preventive treatment in areas with stable transmission of infection;
    * Reduction of the burden of malaria by 50 percent compared with 2000.
By the year 2015:

    * Reduction of morbidity and mortality from malaria by 75 per cent compared with 2005, not only by national aggregate but also extends in particular to include Ashidalmjmoat poorer in all affected countries;
    * Achieving the Millennium Development Goals related to malaria, not only by national aggregate but also extends in particular to include Ashidalmjmoat poorest in all affected countries;
    * Universal and equitable coverage of effective interventions.
How does UNICEF help?
UNICEF is a founding partner with the World Health Organization and the United Nations Development Program and the World Bank, Roll Back Malaria initiative, a global partnership that was launched in 1998 and aimed at reducing the world's malaria burden by half by 2010.
  In recognition of its role as one of the biggest killers of children in Africa, is the prevention interventions and control of malaria an integral part of a minimum package of high-impact interventions, UNICEF for the survival of parent and child. And uses this type of integrated programs existing systems with relatively high utilization by target groups, including the expanded program on immunization and integrated management of childhood illness and neonatal, child health days for children under the age of five, and prenatal care for pregnant women.
Insecticide-treated bednets

 UNICEF is the largest global procurer and deliverer of insecticide-treated mosquito nets, has purchased more than 24 million nets in 2006.
Has made major efforts have been made recently for the advancement of services providing insecticide-treated bednets in Africa, impressive results. Have shown some of the countries with new coverage data made remarkable progress already. For example, the percentage of coverage of insecticide-treated mosquito nets in Togo, from 2 per cent to 54 per cent over five years (preliminary results of the study of multiple indicator cluster survey 0020 CDC / MOH 2005). Works of many other countries, including Kenya, Rwanda, Malawi and increasingly in the distribution of the number of Cbrmn insecticide-treated mosquito nets recently, and are therefore expected to make significant progress towards achieving the Abuja targets for expansion in the coverage of insecticide-treated bednets.
  UNICEF works together with its partners, the distribution of insecticide-treated mosquito nets through routine health services and campaigns. UNICEF is working with ministries of health and non-governmental organizations, as well as working in the field of health care in villages and communities, to develop local distribution networks.
Intermittent preventive treatment
The intermittent preventive treatment in pregnant women receiving at least two doses of antimalarial drugs currently available, sulfadoxine - pyrimethamine, in each scheduled antenatal visit after the first three months of the situation, whether they show symptoms of malaria or not. Has been shown that such a preventive treatment to reduce substantially the risk of maternal anemia, low birth weight at birth.
The work of UNICEF as a partner in the initiative to make pregnancy safer, and national services on prenatal care, to ensure that women and their newborns access quality antenatal care and reproductive health services. Including intermittent preventive treatment for malaria control and insecticide-treated bednets.
Research shows that it may be intermittent preventive treatment for infants effective in reducing the incidence of anemia and clinical malaria in young children. There may be providing in the near future as part of routine immunization services. It is noted that UNICEF is a member of the Federation of intermittent preventive treatment for infants, which is currently conducting research on the possibility of introducing this additional intervention in Africa.
Effective treatment for malaria vaccine
  Means six hours of waiting for treatment, a matter of life or death for a child with malaria. And through programs of integrated child survival, UNICEF supports national governments and partners, the adoption of the new combination therapy based on artemisinin in health facilities, and increasingly for the treatment of malaria in the home as part of imnci. UNICEF works with governments and communities to improve the immediate and effective management of malaria cases and strengthened, and ensure children's access to medications within 24 hours of the onset of the disease.
UNICEF is also involved in the purchase and supply of new combination therapy based on artemisinin. In 2006, including procurement services, UNICEF supply of 7,3 million doses of malaria treatment in Ethiopia, were distributed 3,9 million of them already through the public health system.
Malaria and HIV Alepeshripalmkzb / AIDS
UNICEF and partners to support improved communication on the increased risks from malaria in people living with HIV and the need to intensify efforts for the prevention and treatment, including the provision of insecticide-treated nets through routine services for people living with HIV, and in particular pregnant women. Recent evidence suggests that to give co-trimoxazole Brovilaaksz for all people with HIV as part of a package of basic care as well as insecticide-treated mosquito nets to have the ability to reduce mortality and morbidity and to delay the need for treatment anti-retroviral.
Global partnerships for the prevention and control of malaria
UNICEF's leadership role in global partnerships and regional and Alqatripvi tackling malaria.
UNICEF also participated in the founding of the Roll Back Malaria partnerships. It is also a key member of the board of the plan this initiative. The RBM partnership includes governments of countries affected by the disease, and representatives from the private sector, research institutions and non-governmental organizations and others. Furthermore, UNICEF is also working to strengthen partnerships with the World Bank and the initiative of the President of the United States for malaria, the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, TB
and malaria, and no malaria.
On April 25, 2000, the Heads of State and senior representatives from 44 African countries that suffer from malaria in Abuja, Nigeria, to attend the Summit on Malaria. Day is celebrated Africa Malaria every year on April 25 to focus world attention on the challenges and responses. The theme for Africa Malaria Day 2007 on leadership and partnership in order to achieve results, and focus on the need to work in partnership to reverse the progression of malaria and make a significant impact in endemic countries.
It is estimated that the cost of prevention and control of malaria in all parts of the world (World Malaria report) requires that your three billion U.S. dollars annually. The donors include the Global Fund, the World Bank, bilateral agencies such as the U.S. Agency for International Development; and specialized United Nations agencies and international non-governmental organizations and institutions, and major multinational companies and individuals with high incomes. Include other sources of funding, local funding through national budgets and the integration of malaria control strategy papers to national needs for poverty reduction and the sectoral approach and comprehensive basic health care packages. Have been made available during the past few years, significant resources for malaria prevention and control through a number of major initiatives.
UNICEF is supporting the efforts of advocacy and partnership through the promotion of its own resources and results to ensure that women and children the center of national and international development and funding. UNICEF has recently entered into a "partnership with Malaria No More, an umbrella organization that acts as a central clearinghouse for donations from individuals and private organizations in order to provide insecticide-treated mosquito nets to every family that needs to in sub-Saharan Africa.
UNICEF is partnering with the Global Fund and the World Health Organization in order to get funding from unitaid to support the purchase of anti-malarial medications, and in particular, combination therapy based on artemisinin.
It will strengthen the international initiative to raise the tax on air tickets - to buy medicines to treat HIV / AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria. Raise funds of up to U.S. $ 600 million annually. It is noted that the initiative launched at the Paris Conference as a new and innovative financing for development.
  And UNICEF is also involved in the initiative, the U.S. President's malaria, which was launched in June 2005 and pledged to increase funding of malaria prevention and treatment by more than $ 1.2 billion over five years.